Tokyo’s modernization must not endanger unique neighborhoods

Jorge Almazán and I wrote an op-ed for Nikkei Asia, in which we argue that Tokyo’s current “once in a century” modernization push is risking to destroy the city’s unique urbanism. The city’s archetypical neighborhoods came about in the postwar period without planning, but they need increasing protection from large-scale redevelopments.

Here are the first two paragraphs. Get in touch if you want to read the full text:

“Despite being the largest urban agglomeration in the world, Tokyo works. It is surprisingly human in scale, walkable and safe. Its success is rooted not in a high-rise, futuristic cityscape but in its intimate neighbourhoods. These dense, low-rise, often mixed-use enclaves — traditionally rich in small retail and businesses, community ties and flexible spaces — have made Tokyo one of the most liveable cities in the world.

But this Tokyo is under threat. A new wave of large-scale redevelopments, imposed from the top down without planning or long-term vision, is reshaping the urban fabric — particularly around train stations. The new developments replace commercial streets for privatized plazas that eliminate true public space. Without stronger protections, Tokyo risks losing the very model that made it so successful. (…)”

Tokyo inequalities in numbers

One of the unused datasets from the Cities article was on average taxable income per capita across the 23 wards between 1985 and 2022 (kindly provided by the authors of this great article).

For the period I worked on for my PhD (1950/55-1975), this data was not available so I had to look at proxy indicators, primarily living space per capita. This came with its own limitations but provided opportunities to transcend a purely economic measurement of living standards.

My analysis found a compression in inter-ward inequalities between the 1950s and 1970s. What happened since then?

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Neoliberal Tokyo

I am putting up a few posts on Tokyo in the coming days. They are about my recent work on residential redevelopments outside of the yamanote ring that I have carried out with Jessica Illunga and Jorge Almazan of Keio University.

It’s a tad ironic that I have become so engaged in this contemporary urban development issue. My first home in Tokyo was ARK Hills in Roppongi 1-chome, where we lived for half a year between 2012-13. ARK Hills opened its gates in the 1980s and is arguably the ground zero of neoliberal Tokyo.

Until ten or so years ago, these massive mixed-use developments still had a relatively unique aura. They were concentrated in the center and lured their well-heeled inhabitants with distinct architecture, upscale dining and retail, as well as cultural venues. This is the Mori Tokyo.

I put up quite a few Instagram posts back in 2012 (which, the Luddite I am, was the only time I really used the platform) and paste some below, with a few other reflections, for nostalgic reference.

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Meguro bus depot

While sifting through photos, I just came across this gem taken from Claska’s roof terrace, sometime in December 2019.

Vision and practice: the 1967 Robson Report on the Tokyo Metropolitan Government

The fourth article to be inspired by my PhD thesis has now been published in Planning Perspectives. Besides Planning History (which has a US focus), the journal is the go-to place for historical research on urban planning. I thought this might be the best fit for my work on the 1967 report by Professor Robson, which I had become intrigued about during my studies. It took a while from jotting down first thoughts to presenting at last year’s AAS to putting the manuscript through a total of three revisions — but here it is! Also see my ResearchGate profile to request the full text if you don’t have access.

Abstract: This article critically evaluates a 1967 consultancy report on the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) by Professor William A. Robson. Robson, a pioneer of public administration science based at the London School of Economics his whole academic life, provided an in-depth analysis of the state of the Japanese capital during its high-speed growth spurt and at the beginning of the socialist Minobe prefectural administration. While many of Robson’s assessments and criticisms were poignant, his report failed to appreciate contextual intricacies as well as Tokyo’s distinctive path of urban development. A re-reading of the report with this in mind expands our understanding of the Japanese capital’s postwar history more than 50 years after the report’s publication. Its critical assessment also contributes to our understanding of how urban knowledge ‘travels’ across geographies.

Revisiting Japan

We got back from a two-week trip to Japan last week and I wanted to jot down some observations for the record. It’s been four years since we left Tokyo for Bangkok (and Germany, intermittently, due to COVID). Now we’ve lived in Sydney since late 2021. All this back and forth meant that going back to Japan felt like a trip “home”.

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Tokyo Model Keio presentation

I spoke to a great audience of mainly urban design and planning PhD students from Jorge Almazan’s Studiolab at Keio University a few weeks back. Jorge and his students as well as Joe McReynolds wrote the fantastic Emergent Tokyo and really succeeded at describing what makes Tokyo’s urbanization path so fascinating. I shared my recent Cities article on the postwar historical roots of the model and presented its findings in a 30-minute presentation, followed by a lively Q&A.

 

Emergent Tokyo

A lot of people are talking about Emergent Tokyo: Designing the Spontaneous City, a book that came out last year and which I was finally able to read. It is a great resource for all of us interested in describing that elusive “charge” of Japan’s capital. Few have been as successful in this task as the authors. While there are a lot of (generally very favorable) reviews out there already, I have jotted down some of my thoughts here. The full text is also available on the Urban Studies blog. I paste it below for ease of access.

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